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Table 5 Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)

From: Transcranial direct current stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia: a meta-analysis

Outcomes

Number of participants (studies)

Risk of biasa

Inconsistencyb

Indirectness

Imprecision

Other considerations

Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)

Aspiration and penetration-degree

273 (8 RCTs)

Moderate

Very low

Low

Low

None

Moderate

  1. RCT: randomized clinical trial; SMD: standardized mean difference
  2. aThe average risk of bias of the studies according to the RoB tool
  3. bLow methodological and statistical heterogeneity among trials (I2 < 25%)
  4. : very low; : low; : moderate; : high