Table 1 PEDro scores of the controlled-trial studies
Study | Eligibility criteria | Random allocation | Concealed allocation | Baseline comparability | Subject blinding | Therapist blinding | Assessor blinding |  < 15% drop-out | Intention-to-treat analysis | Between group difference reported | Point estimate and variability reported | Total Pedro Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Man et al. (2012) [59] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6/10 |
Kang et al. (2021) [61] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6/10 |
Schreiber et al. (1999) [58] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7/10 |
Panerai et al. (2021) [64] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6/10 |
Hofmann et al. (2003) [69] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5/10 |
Yamaguchi et al. (2012) [51] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4/10 |
Gamito et al. (2020) [56] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8/10 |
Park et al. (2019) [63] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7/10 |
Park (2022) [62] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8/10 |
Optale et al. (2010) [70] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6/10 |
Tarnanas et al. (2014) [54] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6/10 |
Oliveira et al. (2021) [60] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5/10 |
Studies’ degree of compliance (%) | 91.16 | 75 | 0 | 100 | 16.66 | 16.66 | 58.33 | 100 | 66.66 | 91.16 | 91.16 |  |