Table 2 Characteristics of the participants of the included studies

Foloppe et al. (2018) [53]

1

pAD

79

0/1

6

DNM

Angers, France

Schreiber et al. (1999) [58]

14 (EG: 7; ACG: 7)

AD

EG: 80.86 (4.6); ACG: 78.86 (6.72)

EG: 2/5; ACG: 1/6

DNM

DNM

Düsseldorf, Germany

Zhu et al. (2022) [68]

31 (MCI: 18; MD: 13)

MCI, MD

MCI: 82.94 (6.44); MD: 85.76 (4.67)

MCI: 6/12; MD: 3/10

MCI: 11.00 (3.97); MD: 11.23 (4.71)

4 (MD: 1; MCI: 3)

Hong Kong, China

Man et al. (2012) [59]

44 (EG: 20; ACG: 24)

pAD

EG: 80.30 (1.21); ACG: 80.28 (1.31)

EG: 3/17; ACG: 2/22

EG: Un: 16; 1 year: 2; more: 2; ACG: Un: 14; 1 year: 4; more: 6

DNM

Hong Kong, China

Panerai et al. (2021) [64]

42 (EG. 24; AGC: 18)

AD

EG: 68.5; ACG: 64.0

EG: 13/11; ACG: 6/12

EG: 8; ACG: 8

DNM

Troina, Italy

Masoumzadeh et al. (2020) [57]

10 (H: 2; MCI: 4; AD: 4)

Dt

H: 85 (6); MCI: 79 (10.5); AD: 69 (7.1)

3/7

DNM

1 (H)

Winnipeg, Canada

Fasilis et al. (2018) [55]

10

Dt

73.6

DNM

DNM

DNM

Athens, Greek

Hofmann et al. (2003) [69]

28 (AD: 9; D: 9; H: 10)

AD, Dp

AD: 68.1 (14.7); D: 67.3 (9.4); H: 69.3 (5.8)

AD: 2/7; D: 2/7; H: 3/7

AD: 11.9 (5.4); D: 12.0 (5.7); H: 12.1 (5.2)

DNM

Basel, Switzerland

Kang et al. (2021) [61]

41 (EG: 23; PCG: 18)

sCD, MCI

EG: 75.48 (4.67); PCG: 73.28 (6.96)

EG: 6/17; PCG: 6/12

EG: 7.7 (4.1); PCG: 8.56 (4.83)

4 (EG: 2; PCG: 2)

Incheon, South Korea

Yamaguchi et al. (2012) [51]

4 (AD: 2; H: 2)

AD

AD: 78.5; H: 82.5

AD: 0/2; H: 1/1

8

DNM

Angers, France

Park (2022) [62]

32 (EG: 16; PCG: 16)

MCI

EG: 72.3 (5.13); PCG: 70.9 (4.51)

EG: 9/7; PCG: 6/10

EG: 7.56 (3.93);

PCG: 7.50 (2.89)

DNM

Asan, South Korea

Maeng et al. (2021) [66]

47 (MCI: 24; H: 23)

MCI, H

MCI: 73.2 (7.3); H: 71.6 (4.4)

MCI: 8/23; H: 3/22)

MCI: 9.5 (4.7); H: 8.9 (3.4)

9 (MCI: 7; H: 2)

Incheon, South Korea

Kim et al. (2021) [67]

44 (MCI: 22; H: 22)

MCI, H

MCI: 74.23 (7.5); H: 71.45 (3.95)

MCI: 5/17; H: 2/20

MCI: 8.68 (4.61); H: 8.91 (3.16)

11 (MCI: 9; H: 2)

Incheon, South Korea

Park et al. (2019) [63]

21 (EG: 10; ACG: 11)

MCI

EG: 70.5 (4.2); ACG: 72.6 (5.3)

EG: 2/8; ACG: 2/9

EG: 7.09 (3.36); ACG: 7.09 (3.36)

DNM

Daegu, South Korea

Gamito et al. (2019) [65]

25

H

74 (5.27)

4/21

6 (2.42)

DNM

Benfica, Portugal

Gamito et al. (2020) [56]

43

H

75 (5.43)

9/34

DNM

DNM

Lisbon, Portugal

Optale et al. (2010) [70]

31 (EG: 15; ACG: 16)

MCI y Mdf

EG: 78.5 (10.9); ACG: 81.6 (5)

EG: 5/10; ACG: 5/11

EG: 5.3 (2.4); ACG: 6 (3.5)

5 (EG: 3; ACG: 2)

Venetia, Italy

Tarnanas et al. (2014) [54]

105 (EG: 32; ACG: 39; PCG: 34)

MCI

EG: 70.5; ACG: 69.7; PGC: 70.9

EG: 12/20; ACG: 16/23; PCG: 13/21

DNM

9 (EG: 7; PCG: 2)

Kozani, Greek,

Oliveira et al. (2021) [60]

17 (EG: 10; PCG: 7)

AD

83.24 (5.66)

EG: 3/7; EG: 2/5

EG: Un: 2, Pri: 6, Sec or more: 2; CG: Un: 0, Pri: 5, Sec or more: 2

EG: 1

Lisbon, Portugal