Table 4 Description of the subtasks for each study
Author | Task | Subtasks |
|---|---|---|
Foloppe et al. (2018) [53] | Virtual and real cooking tasks | 10 different tasks. Namely, setting the table for two people, making a cup of coffee with a coffee machine, making a cup of coffee with an espresso machine, making a cup of sweet tea with a kettle, making breakfast, making a salad with three ingredients, heating soup in a microwave, preparing frozen vegetables with an electric or induction stove, making a sandwich, and cooking a chocolate cake with an electric oven |
Schreiber et al. (1999) [58] | Virtual apartment | The virtual apartment consisted of five rooms, one of which was a corridor connected to all the other rooms. In stimulus set I, a room was chosen and subjects were asked to find certain targets. In stimulus set II, subjects were asked to find certain rooms in the apartment |
Zhu et al. (2022) [68] | Virtual Supermarket | A list of 3 to 12 familiar virtual images and labels of common items (such as oranges or toothpaste) were showed to participants. After that, they were asked to memorize them in one and a half minutes. After memorizing the list, the participants played a number sorting game for 20Â s before going to the supermarket to buy the items on the memorized list. Participants were then asked to locate the counter and pay in RMB bills |
Man et al. (2012) [59] | Virtual apartment, convenient shop | Virtual apartment. The 3-min task involved moving around the apartment, reading and memorizing the items on a list placed on a table. They then took those items out of the refrigerator, after a period of distraction Virtual convenient shop. Participants were asked to search at the store and purchase the requested items. After that, they had to pay their bills to the cashier |
Panerai et al. (2021) [64] | 1) Follow instructions 2) Medication intake 3) Fill a suitcase 4) Virtual supermarket | 1) Following instructions. Participants were asked to answer 30 questions of general knowledge, personal, family, spatial and temporal orientation, which appeared on the screen in verbal and written form 2) Medication. Five boxes of medicines placed on a kitchen table, verbal instructions and a visual reminder were presented. The subject had to indicate the correct time and the respective medication 3) Fill a suitcase. The subject was required to pack a suitcase for a weekend. The subject dragged the clothes from a shelf to the suitcase 4) Supermarket: A shopping list was displayed on the screen and items were dragged from the shelf to the cart. To do the payment, the participant had to drag the bills from the wallet |
Masoumzadeh et al. (2020) [57] | Driving simulator (VRDS) | The user is asked to follow a path. The simulator recorded whenever the participant stopped with a red light, a stop sign and whenever they turned to the correct directions at intersections |
Fasilis et al. (2018) [55] | Virtual supermarket, Virtual cooking tasks, home arrangement and cleaning | The first task was based on the activity of buying in a supermarket. The second task dealt with the preparation of breakfast, and the third task required the patient to fix and clean his/her house. (No more information was offered) |
Hofmann et al. (2003) [69] | Virtual Supermarket | Participants were asked to learn a shopping list of three items. The correct item had to be freely recalled and/or chosen from a multiple-choice list. Also, 10 multiple-choice questions related to the environment had to be answered |
Kang et al. (2021) [61] | Find differences, select objects to perform tasks, Virtual supermarket, find a path, place furniture in a space, catch animals in a certain order | (i) Find differences), (ii) select items needed to perform certain tasks, (iii) prepare an exact amount of money to pay, (iv) find a way using a memorized map, (v) place furniture in space exactly based on a memorized drawing, (vi) remember words, (vii) remember flags and symbols, and (viii) catch animals in a certain order |
Yamaguchi et al. (2012) [51] | Virtual cooking tasks | Breakfast task. To place two toasts in an electric toaster, press a lever, place the toasts on two different plates, put butter and jam on each bread Coffee task. To open the coffee pot, put the filter and put coffee, fill the pot with water, put the coffee pot on the heater and turn on. Serve the coffee in a cup, add sugar and milk |
Park (2022) [62] | Virtual supermarket | A list of purchases was showed on the screen and the user selects them by touching the screen. Then the participant had go to the cashier and pay by choosing the precise amount of money |
Maeng et al. (2021) [66] | Virtual supermarket | A list of items was given for 10Â s at the entrance of the supermarket and then participants visited seven sections. Participants could use a hint button to display the list for 10 more seconds |
Kim et al. (2021) [67] | Virtual supermarket | A list of items was given for 10Â s at the entrance of the supermarket and then participants visited seven sections. Participants could use a hint button to display the list for 10 more seconds |
Park et al. (2019) [63] | Virtual apartment | Living room: to turn on a child’s favorite cartoon TV channel, to make a phone call, and to play a game of cards Kid’s room: to make a kid clean his room, to choose books to read to a child, to match picture blocks, to pack a child’s school bag, to see shopping items, to color, to hang clothes and to play a matching game of colors Cooking: make sandwiches and prepare a bowl of cereals Toilet: to brush a child’s teeth and to teach him to use the toilet |
Gamito et al. (2019) [65] | Virtual cooking tasks, remembering TV news, choosing clothes and shoes arrangement | Morning hygiene: to brush teeth Shoes arrangement: to put the shoes in order Wardrobe: to combine clothes to get dressed Virtual kitchen: to choose the ingredients from a list that is displayed on the screen Newscast: to turn on the TV and change the channels until finding the news channel. Remember the news Supermarket: to look at a shopping list, choose the items and pay. Pharmacy: to look at a shopping list, choose the items and pay Art Gallery: to browse the art gallery viewing the paintings Outdoors: to walk through the city and cross the streets carefully |
Gamito et al. (2020) [56] | Personal hygiene, virtual cooking tasks, virtual supermarket, tasks related to TV news, clothes, shoes, art gallery visit) | Morning hygiene: to brush teeth Shoes arrangement: to put the shoes in order Wardrobe: to combine clothes to get dressed Virtual kitchen: to choose the ingredients from a list that is displayed on the screen Newscast: to turn on the TV and change the channels until finding the news channel. Remember the news Supermarket: to look at a shopping list, choose the items and pay. Pharmacy: to look at a shopping list, choose the items and pay Art Gallery: to browse the art gallery viewing the paintings Outdoors: to walk through the city and cross the streets carefully |
Optale et al. (2010) [70] | Auditory and VR experience sessions in everyday environments | Listening sessions in familiar settings, such as the family home from childhood or a park. The participant had to remember different paths that were shown. Afterwards, the participant had to walk through them without losing orientation. These paths were individualized with color or shape indicators |
Tarnanas et al. (2014) [54] | Virtual Museum | Listen and Plan. Participants followed instructions to locate and find items in the museum Storytelling. Participants listened to story segments of museum items and answer a series of questions Exercise games. Participants developed a "scene" based on archaeological artifacts or their multimedia description |
Oliveira et al. (2021) [60] | Personal hygiene, virtual cooking tasks, virtual supermarket, tasks related to TV news, clothes, shoes, art gallery visit | Morning hygiene: to brush teeth Shoes arrangement: to put the shoes in order Wardrobe: to combine clothes to get dressed Virtual kitchen: to choose the ingredients from a list that is displayed on the screen Newscast: to turn on the TV and change the channels until finding the news channel. Remember the news Supermarket: to look at a shopping list, choose the items and pay. Pharmacy: to look at a shopping list, choose the items and pay Art Gallery: to browse the art gallery viewing the paintings Outdoors: to walk through the city and cross the streets carefully |