Fig. 4

Movement Expression. Violin plots illustrate (A) coverage area and (B) bivariate kurtosis of position, velocity, and acceleration distributions for the W/O VF group (gray) and the VF group (white). (C) Violin plots display the comparison of the position distributions to a uniform distribution using CoD. The left side of each violin plot represents data spread, while the right side depicts a histogram of the data, with the median marked with a white circle. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are indicated by *. These results suggest that for the VF group, the coverage area in position increased, and the distribution became more uniform