Fig. 5

Capability Reference. (A) Violin plots depict the prediction scores for both the W/O VF and VF groups. The left side of each violin plot shows the data spread of the 50 iterations of prediction scores, while the right side displays a histogram, with the median marked by a white circle. Significant difference (p < 0.05) is indicated by *. (B) The capability reference was derived from the average of the VF group’s position probability distributions. Results indicate that the use of the VF group distributions significantly improved the prediction of new tongue movement distributions and enabled the development of a reference of capability