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Table 4 Peak hip joint angles, moments, contact forces and impulse for BTF using two different prosthetic designs

From: Hip joint and muscle loading for persons with bilateral transfemoral/through-knee amputations: biomechanical differences between full-length articulated and foreshortened non-articulated prostheses

Biomechanical parameter

BTF stubbies

Mean ± SD

BTF full-length articulated prostheses

Mean ± SD

AB

Mean ± SD

Peak hip extension (°)

13.81 ± 5.23

23.94 ± 5.92

14.78 ± 1.45

Peak hip flexion moment (Nm/kg)

0.75 ± 0.12

1.78 ± 0.27

0.77 ± 0.11

First peak hip contact force (BW)

4.06 ± 1.45

3.67 ± 0.37

4.34 ± 0.61

Second peak hip contact force (BW)

5.25 ± 2.15

9.07 ± 2.87

5.43 ± 0.52

Hip contact force impulse (BW.s)

263.68 ± 58.61

350.41 ± 61.43

309.71 ± 26.57

Normalised hip contact force impulse (BW.s/m)

272.63 ± 30.52

239.36 ± 34.70

211.02 ± 18.10