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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics

From: Brain computer interface training with motor imagery and functional electrical stimulation for patients with severe upper limb paresis after stroke: a randomized controlled pilot trial

 

All (n = 40)

BCI (n = 19)

Control (n = 21)

Age, years, (SD)

56 (13)

56 (14)

57 (11)

Gender: male

25 (62%)

11 (44%)

14 (56%)

Days post stroke (SD)

33 (14)

31(10)

34 (16)

Stroke type: infarction/hemorrhage/both

13/25/2

8/11/0

5/14/2

Stroke location

 Cortical

13

6

7

 Cortical and subcortical

5

2

3

 Subcortical

20

10

10

 Brainstem

2

1

1

Stroke severity

 NIHSS (SD)

15.9 (4.9)

15.1 (2.7)

15.9 (4.9)

 Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SD)

24.0 (8.6)

25 (6)

23 (11)

 Hemiparetic side, left

25 (62.5%)

11 (57.9%)

14 (66.7%)

 Dominant side affected

14 (35%)

7 (36.8%)

7 (33%)

 Able to move hand at onset

0

0

0

 Able to walk at onset

0

0

0

 Modified Rankin scale at baseline

4 (4/4)

4 (4/4)

4 (4/4)

 ARAT score at baseline median (IQR)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 FMA score at baseline median(Q1–Q3)

4 (2/4)

4 (2/4)

4 (2/4)

 FIM score at baseline median (Q1–Q3)

47 (38/57)

43 (38/51)

47 (36/66)

 Neglect present at enrolment, n (%)

8 (21%)

5 (27.8%)

3 (15.0%)

 MEP+/MEP− (n = 32)

18/14

8/6

6/12