Fig. 4

Forest plot of standardized mean difference (SMD) and their 95% CI for cadence. Black squares represent the SMD in individual trials. Horizontal lines represent 95% confidence interval (CI). The blue rhombus at the bottom indicates an overall pooled effect. tDCS: Transcranial direct current stimulation. Subjects who received either real tDCS alone or combined with additional therapies had distinctly reduced cadence during walking. This shows strong evidence that tDCS has a substantial beneficial effect on cadence parameters (P < 0.001)