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Table 2 The effect of repetitive TI stimulation on vertical jump performance and dynamic postural stability

From: Repetitive temporal interference stimulation improves jump performance but not the postural stability in young healthy males: a randomized controlled trial

Variables

TI group

Sham group

Time × Group

Pre

Post

Pre

Post

F

p

η2

CMJ

       

 Height (m)

0.399 ± 0.044

0.417 ± 0.045*

0.406 ± 0.060

0.399 ± 0.067

8.858

0.005#

0.189

 GRF (N)

1024.359 ± 385.043

1102.199 ± 466.786

1318.919 ± 507.446

1333.441 ± 437.693

0.286

0.596

0.008

 Impulse (N*s)

339.072 ± 75.314

366.816 ± 89.434*

379.964 ± 111.208

387.405 ± 110.017

1.611

0.212

0.041

SJ

       

 Height (m)

0.403 ± 0.060

0.433 ± 0.061*

0.402 ± 0.062

0.403 ± 0.060

6.523

0.015#

0.147

 GRF (N)$

1173.085 ± 270.320

1134.537 ± 275.082

1196.925 ± 464.975

1225.783 ± 405.963

1.555

0.220

0.040

 Impulse (N*s)

311.185 ± 71.065

317.418 ± 83.058

305.465 ± 87.473

314.525 ± 96.865

0.051

0.823

0.001

CJ

       

 Height of first 15 s (m)

0.323 ± 0.047

0.354 ± 0.048*

0.325 ± 0.049

0.334 ± 0.052

3.550

0.067

0.085

 Height of last 15 s (m)

0.208 ± 0.042

0.225 ± 0.038

0.216 ± 0.033

0.228 ± 0.039

0.149

0.702

0.004

 Fatigue index (%)

35.082 ± 11.471

35.838 ± 11.264

32.433 ± 12.480

30.582 ± 15.072

0.289

0.597

0.015

Y-balance (%)

       

 Anterior$

72.500 ± 8.835

72.650 ± 9.691

66.650 ± 9.304

67.100 ± 7.166

0.317

0.577

0.009

 Postero-medial

113.850 ± 13.511

116.200 ± 14.916*

106.550 ± 12.224

109.700 ± 9.953

0.153

0.698

0.004

 Postero-lateral

122.250 ± 14.553

122.350 ± 12.787

115.650 ± 11.563

117.700 ± 10.785

1.335

0.255

0.034

  1. CMJ: countermovement jump; SJ: squat jump; CJ: continuous jump; GRF: ground reaction force
  2. #Indicates a significant interaction effect (p < 0.05), * indicates significant within-group differences (p < 0.05), $ indicates analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and the baseline data were incorporated as covariates