Serious games for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: a meta-analysis

Doumas, Ioannis; Everard, Gauthier; Dehem, Stéphanie; Lejeune, Thierry

doi:10.1186/s12984-021-00889-1

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Table 3 Duration, matched groups, outcome measurements, overall findings, number of included neurorehabilitation principles

From: Serious games for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: a meta-analysis

Authors and publication year	Duration^a	Matched groups^b	UL function	UL activity	Participation	Overall findings^c	Principles^d
Adomaviciene, 2019 [51]	2	✓	FMA-UE	BBT		+	4
Ang, 2014 [52]	6	✓	FMA-UE			=	5
Aprile [53]	6	✓	FMA-UE^s	ARAT^s		=	10
Askin, 2018 [54]	4	X	FMA-UE^{m, s}	BBT^{m, s}		+	6
Brunner, 2017 [40]	4	✓		ARAT^s, BBT		=	4
Cameirao, 2011 [55]	12	✓	FMA-UE			+	6
Cameirao, 2012 [56]	4	✓	FMA-UE	BBT		+	6
Cho, 2019 [57]	6	✓	FMA-UE	ARAT, BBT		+	6
Choi, 2016 [58]	2	✓	FMA-UE ^s			+	8
Crosbie, 2012 [59]	3	✓		ARAT ^s		=	6
Dehem, 2019 [14]	9	✓	FMA-UE	BBT	SIS	+	9
Duff, 2013 [60]	4	✓	FMA-UE^{m, s}	WMFT^{m, s}	SIS	=	9
Henrique, 2019 [61]	12	✓	FMA-UE			+	9
Housman, 2009 [62]	9	✓	FMA-UE			+	5
Hung, 2019 [13]	12	✓	FMA-UE^{m, s}	WMFT^{m, s}		=	8
Jang, 2005 [63]	4	✓	FMA^s	BBT^s		+	10
Jo, 2012 [64]	4	X		WMFT		+	9
Kim, 2018 [65]	2	✓	FMA-UE^s	BBT^s		=	7
Kiper, 2011 [66]	4	✓	FMA-UE^s			+	9
Kiper, 2014 [67]	4	✓	FMA-UE^s			+	9
Kiper, 2018 [46]	4	✓	FMA-UE^s			+	8
Klamroth-Marganska, 2014 [68]	8	✓	FMA-UE		SIS	+	7
Kottink, 2014 [32]	6	✓	FMA-UE	ARAT		=	6
Kwon, 2012 [69]	4	X	FMA-UE^s			=	5
Laffont [44]	6	✓	FMA-UE	BBT, WMFT		=	8
Lee, 2016a [70]	8	✓	FMA-UE^s	BBT^s		+	8
Lee, 2016b [71]	6	✓		BBT		+	9
Lee, 2018 [72]	8	✓	FMA-UE^s			+	8
Levin, 2012 [73]	3	✓	FMA-UE^s	BBT^s, WMFT		+	9
Liao, 2012 [74]	4	✓	FMA-UE^s			+	7
Mugler, 2019 [75]	3	X	FMA-UE			=	8
Nijenhuis, 2017 [76]	6	✓	FMA-UE^{m, s}	ARAT^{m, s}, BBT	SIS	=	5
Norouzi-Gheidari, 2019 [39]	4	X	FMA-UE^s	BBT^s	SIS^s	+	8
Ogun, 2019 [77]	6	✓	FMA-UE^s	ARAT^s		+	8
Oh, 2019 [17]	6	✓	FMA-UE	BBT		+	9
Park, 2019 [33]	4	✓	FMA-UE	WMFT	SIS	=	9
Piron, 2009 [78]	4	✓	FMA-UE^s			+	8
Piron (2010) [47]	4	✓	FMA-UE^s			+	10
Prange, 2015, [79]	6	✓		BBT		+	9
Rogers2019 [80]	4	X	FMA-UE^s			=	5
Schuster-Amft, 2018 [81]	4	✓		BBT^{m, s}	SIS	=	7
Shin, 2014 [82]	2	X	FMA-UE^s			=	8
Shin, 2015 [83]	4	✓	FMA-UE^{m, s}			=	9
Shin, 2016 [84]	4	✓	FMA-UE^s		SIS^s	+	10
Subramanian, 2012 [85]	4	✓	FMA-UE			+	8
Thielbar, 2014 [86]	6	✓	FMA-UE^s	ARAT^s		+	10
Thielbar, 2020 [87]	4	✓	FMA-UE			+	8
Tomic, 2017 [88]	3	✓	FMA-UE	WMFT		+	8
Wolf, 2015 [89]	8	✓	FMA-UE^s	ARAT^s, WMFT		=	6
Yin, 2014 [90]	2	✓	FMA-UE^{m, s}	ARAT^{m, s}		=	11
Zondervan, 2016 [91]	3	✓		ARAT, BBT		=	7

UL upper limb, FMA-UE Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity subscale, ARAT action research arm test, BBT box and block test, WMFT Wolf-motor function test, SIS stroke impact scale, ✓, matched time between interventions; X, time between interventions not matched; + , statistically significant improvement in favour of experimental group for main outcomes; = , no statistically significant differences reported between experimental and control group
^aDuration: total number of treatment weeks
^bMatched groups: matched time in terms of daily session time, sessions per week and total number of weeks between experimental and control group
^cOverall findings: reported findings concerning primary outcome measures
^dPrinciples: total number of neuro-rehabilitation principles fulfilled by the serious game used in the intervention. A total of 11 principles were examined for each trial
^mStudies that reported only median and quartiles
^sStudies for which the standard deviation had to be estimated

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ISSN: 1743-0003

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